Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor

Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor Results 1a 1b Figure 1 Cell viability data based on the use of the XTT assay Two different lung tumor cell lines were tested: one expressing the mutated AFR receptor (blue line) and one that expresses wild-type AFR (orange line). Figure 1a represented AFR lung cancer cell line with Drug X and figure1b represented AFR lung cancer cell line with drug Y. Cells were seeded in wells of a 96 well plate at 3 x 10*4 cells/well before treatment with the drugs at the indicated concentrations for 72 hours (triplicate samples at each concentration). XTT assay reagent was then added to the wells and the absorbance measured at 450 nm. Control wells (no cells) contained medium but no cells. The Cell Proliferation XTT assay is a colorimetric assay for the nonradioactive analysis of cellular proliferation, viability, quantification of cytotoxic and cytostatic compounds like anticancer drugs and pharmaceutical compounds, evaluation of growth-inhibitory antibodies and physiological mediators that able to inhibit cell growth (Sigma-Aldrich, 2016). Sample is adherent or suspension which cultured in 96-well microplates. A fictional receptor (AFR) was targeted by anti-cancer drug to inhibit the mutated AFR function, causing an anti-proliferative effect and even cell death. XTT ((2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)) assay was used to measure cell viability in the two different lung tumor cell lines, one expressing the mutated AFR receptor (AFR mut) and one that expresses wild-type AFR (AFR wt). Drug Y was observed to hinder cancer cell growth dose dependently (Figure 1). The amount of observed absorbance increases with cell number and incuba tion time for 72hours when a maximum absorbance level is reached. The plot of the XTT assay data should create a curve with a linear part. This area exhibits the highest sensitivity to changes produced by the experimental parameters. Establishing the XTT assay data for treatment of AFR mutated and AFR wild-type lung cancer cell line with drug X from 0nm to 1600nm (Figure 1a), It was illustrated that the cell viability of mutated AFR increased considerably from 1.1 to 1.3 between 0nm and 800nm and then became steady at approximately 1.4 from 800nm to 1600nm. Compared with the wild type of AFR (Figure1a), the trend of the line was similar to the mutated one but the cell viability was first rised from 0.9 to 1.2 between 0nm and 800nm and finally exhibited a loss of linearity when greater than 800nm. The lung cancer cell line with drug X represented a cell proliferation assay because the absorbance values of the mutated one were greater than control conditions, representing an increase in cell proliferation and viability. On the other hand, investigating the XTT assay data for treatment of AFR mutated and AFR wild-type lung cancer cell line with drug Y from 0nm to 1600nm, It was indicated that the cell viability of m utated AFR started off at about 1.1 from 0nm to 50nm and then occurred a dramatic drop from 1.1 to 0.1 between 50nm to 400nm and finally lied on 0.03 at 1600nm (Figure1b). Compared with the wild type of AFR (Figure1b), the line was also decreasing but showed a completely different trend. The cell viability decreased from 0.89 to 0.88 between 0nm and 800nm stably and then exhibited a significant drop when greater than 800nm and finally lied on 0.8 of 1600nm. The lung cancer cell line with drug Y represented a cell apoptosis assay as the absorbance values were lower than control conditions, showing a decrease in cell proliferation and resulted from cellular necrosis or apoptosis. From the data analysis, drug Y was successfully tested to inhibit the function of mutated AFR which have an anti-proliferative effect to cause cell death and drug Y could be put forward for further testing. Figure 2 Flow cytometry apoptosis data: Annexin V -FITC (x axis) and propidium iodide (Y axis)   Ã‚   The proapoptotic effect of drug X and Y. The AFRmut cell line was treated with each drug at a concentration of 800 nM for 24 hours. The cells were harvested, resuspended in buffer and then treated with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Cytograms of annexin-V-FITC binding against PI uptake show three populations: (i) viable cells (low FITC and low PI signal) in gate Lower Left; (ii) early apoptotic cells (high FITC and low PI signal) in gate Lower Right and (iii) cells that lost membrane integrity which results in late apoptosis (high FITC and high PI signal) in gate Upper Right. The percentage of cell death increases in the tumor cancer cell line of drug Y, as demonstrated by incorporation of Annexin V. The inhibition of cell proliferation caused by AFRmut was related to the apoptosis induction. Apoptosis is programmed as cell death which is important in development, in normal function of certain tissues and in the response to the damage. Apoptosis involves events which results in the destruction of cell. Annexin V -FITC is a protein that binds to phosphotidylserine which can be labelled and used to detect apoptotic cells. The flow cytometry apoptosis data was plotted on a dot plot and the lower left was represented the viable cells while the upper right and the lower right were represented the dead cells and the apoptotic cells respectively. From the apoptosis data (Figure2), it was observed that the untreated condition showed 77% viable cells and 21% of apoptotic effect. When AFRmut was treated with drug X, the viable cells were increased by 19% and the apoptotic effect was largely decreased to 3%. In contrast, the incorporation with drug Y lead to considerable anti-proliferative effect where 58% of apoptotic cells were observed and viable cells only remained as 40%. Related to the induction of programmed cell death, the majority of cells from the two tumor cell lines were alive upon carrier treatment, the use of AFRmut lead to the entrance of these cells into apoptosis with incorporation of Annexin V. The treatment of drug Y showed a significant apoptotic effect than the drug X, which has a potential to inhibit the function of mutated AFR and results in anti-proliferative effect. Figure 3 Flow cytometry cell cycle data: x-axis shows propidium iodide fluorescence and y-axis shows the number of cells The AFRmut cell line was treated with drug X and Y at a concentration of 800 nM for 24 hours and then fixed with ethanol and stained with propidium iodide before analysis in a flow cytometer. Treating with drug Y showed no cells in G2/M phase. The inhibition of cell proliferation induced by AFRmut was correlated with cell cycle which was evaluated with propidium iodide by flow cytometry. Cell cycle demonstrated the cell progression through a division cycle which result in cell growth and separation into two daughter cells. Live cell observation of cellular DNA and distribution of cell cycle are valuable to regulate apoptosis, and also the tumor behavior and suppressor gene systems. Cells would be distributed into three phases of cell cycle: G0 /G1 phase (2N), S phase (DNA synthesis with various DNA), and G2 /M phase (4N) to identify apoptotic cells with partial DNA content desirably   (Krishnakumar R, Kraus W ,2010). Propidium iodide fluorescence was needed in these actions to bind DNA. From the flow cytometry results by histogram (figure 3), the untreated condition showed 42% of cells in G0/G1 phase while 31% in S phase and 27% in G2/M phase. When the AFRmut was treated with drug X, the cell number in G1 phase dropped by 7% while there was increase of 6% in S Phase. DNA replication occurs more effectively during S phase. Tumor cells with a higher proportion of cells in S phase as tumors were growed faster and more aggressive in that phase so drug X induced proliferation of mutated AFR. However, the addition of drug Y caused effective anti-proliferation effect by increasing the cell numbers in G1 phase from 42% to 86% since the cell has left the cycle and has stopped dividing. There was increase in the cell numbers and grow in size. The decrease from 31% to 14% for S phase indicated the ineffective DNA replication. Moreover, there was no cells observed in G2/M phase when treated with drug Y which represented the increasing numbers of apoptotic cells and the G2/M pha se arrest, which failed the mitosis progression. Discussion Drug Y can be an effective anticancer drug which targets mutated AFR and inhibit its function to lead an anti-proliferative effect. In the present study, two lung tumor cell lines, mutated AFR receptor (AFRmut) and wild-type AFR (AFRwt), Drug Y was found that it could inhibit the growth of the AFR in vitro. The IC50 values of AFRmut and AFRwt were with the same range of 450nm. Additionally, the cell cycle revealed that Drug Y arrested mutated AFR at S phase and G2/M phase. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that Drug Y induced apoptosis in the mechanism assessed by 3 different methods: cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and the cell cycle of flow cytometry. Taken together, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Drug Y on cell proliferation in mutated AFR is mediated through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. The limitation is the flow cytometry are only authorize the relative abundances of cell cycle phases compared to another (Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002). These actions can be examined by evaluating a coordinate sample of cells with mitotic inhibitor like nocodazole or G1/S inhibitor like aphidicolin. As these drugs establish a prevalent arrest in M-phase or early S-phase accordingly, moderately proliferating cells will gather at the drug inferred arrest location. For instance, cells arrested in G1 BY pRB expression will stay in G1 phase regardless of nocodazole treatment even regulating cells will accumulate in M-phase[13] Overall, the data demonstrated drug Y is able to develop an anti-cancer drug that targets a receptor called AFR (A Fictional Receptor) to block its activity. Drug Y successfully inhibits the function of mutated AFR by evaluating the cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and the cell cycle of flow cytometry. The assays showed an anti-proliferative effect and even cause cell death, which explains its significant antitumor activity in the various experimental investigations that have assessed. Thus, further studies about the way of administration, dose limiting toxicities and recommended doses are needed for the preclinical development of drug Y to evaluate the potential of the compound as an anticancer drug. References Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002. Three regions of the pRB pocket domain affect its inactivation by human papillomavirus E7 proteins. J. Virol.2;76: 6224-6224. Krishnakumar R, Kraus W, 2010. The PARP side of the nucleus: molecular actions, physiological outcomes, and clinical targets. Mol Cell. 39:8-24 Matthew J., et al, 2012. Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells  (59): 3491. Sigma-aldrich, 2016. Cell Proliferation Kit II (XTT) [online] Available at: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/roche/11465015001?lang=enregion=GB Wang, G., et al, 2005. Antitumor effect of ÃŽÂ ²-elemene in non-small-cell lung cancer cells is mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 62.7-8: 881-893.

Effects of electronic gadgets to students studying habits Essay

Abstract Almost all of the students especially high school students are seen of using different kinds of electronic gadgets everyday. Like cellphone, iPad, psp, etc. With that case, students who are addicted in using electronic gadgets affects their studies. As what I have observed, using of electronic gadgets gives bad effects to almost all of the students. The purpose of doing this study is to *Explain the disadvantages of using electronic gadgets among us students *Determine the positive and negative effects of Electronic gadget to students *Show the consequences of excessive use of Electronic gadgets to students *Give the students an advice on how to control their use of electronic gadget. To accomplish this study, I researched for some information that can help me to prove the content of my study. And to be able to solve this problem, I researched for some solutions that can help me to solve this kind of situation, which may also help me to show the goal of my study to my co-students who are addicted in using electronic gadgets. In that way, I can help to prevent the addiction of every student from electronic gadgets. Effects of electronic gadgets 3 EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC GADGETS TO STUDENTS STUDYING HABITS â€Å"Modern technologies like television and computers provide identifiable educational advantages, such as greater access to information and more compelling presentations of that information. Over-use of technology, though, especially such gadgets as cell phones, iPods and video games.

Army Strategic Planning Guidance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1061 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction The chief purpose of specialized Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) force is executed missions within the United States and all over the world in combating military weapons that can cause mass destruction of property as well as the lives of people. The force is committed to protect and maintain peace in the United States and globally at a large by limiting the supply of weapons that can endanger the lives of the public in case the weapons land on the hands of the wrong people. Based on the available Army strategic priorities; I would highly recommend for an Army that has the ability to change and cope with the challenging situations they are facing in their military duties. This is the only priority among the five strategic priorities that appreciates change is inevitable and for that reason, the future holds a lot of uncertainties and therefore the Army should strive to be ready to operate efficiently under circumstances of uncertainties. The defense forces should be prudent in predicting the new emerging threats the Nation is likely to face and for that reason formulate mitigation measures to curb the attack before it occurs. The world has become a complex environment due to increased production of weapons that endanger the lives of people and animals[footnoteRef:2]. That means developing an Army that is flexible enough to respond effectively to the emerging threats to security matters should be the top priority in order to achieve peace and harmony in t he United States and therefore the other strategic goals will thrive well in presence of peace and harmony. Dynamic army force will enable the leaders to make the critical judgment under the unfamiliar conditions which will pave way for other strategic priorities since any unseen obstacle will be easily spotted and effectively counteracted before it results in a significant loss. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Army Strategic Planning Guidance" essay for you Create order The Army Strategic Planning is undertaking a number of measures to enhance the capability of dynamic army force in the advent of changing war tactics. The following are the number of measures that the Army is undertaking in an attempt to successfully adopts this strategy. First, reforms are being made in Army profession in the 21st century. This is evident through, retaining the gains of the previous decades and also eliminating the harmful leadership and the negative effects of long experienced war Army leaders who depicted professional leadership and skills are been retained in order to disseminate the same values and skills to the current Army in order to facilitate accurate and critical judgment making the ability to under challenging times of uncertainties. Secondly, a lot of learning programmes are been established to educate the leaders for an uncertain future. The endeavor is undertaken in conjunction with other multinational and inter-agency groups. Lastly, leaders are being developed who are competent enough in Cyberspace. The leaders are expected to understand and be swift enough to adapt to constantly volatile capabilities and risks. It is highly stressed that while recruiting, educating training and retaining cyberspace personnel in the entire Army, it will be very crucial to create a strong Army where the force will have a great deep of expertise in cyberspace as well as cyber-electromagnetic activities. Developing persevering soldiers, dynamic leaders, and united army force guided by the code of ethics outlined under the army force code of regulations that will ensure successful accomplishment of different kinds of missions under unfamiliar conditions and changing environments. This is the required capability that needs to be given the highest priority for the Army to operate efficiently and in a complex world. A lot of efforts are needed to support the mentioned strategy by the Army because the strategy demands a collaborative effort across the established Armed forces. Secondly, future Army force has to formulate training programmes that will equip the Army personnel with the right skills and knowledge that will enable the Army to remain resilient under challenging times and endeavor to accomplish the set mission. In addition to that, efforts should be put in place in order to enlighten how forces and those that hold Army leadership positions combine the military resources across war-fighting activities an attempt to achieve the set mission. There are several improved capabilities that the Army can develop as part addressing the capability that can be used by the Army. The following is one of the improved capabilities that the Army should develop in an attempt of curbing the hurdles confronting the discharge of their duties. The institution should consider optimizing human performance as well as ensuring the each soldier is assigned to the right assignment at the correct time consequently maximizing the possibility of accomplishing the mission as per the planned schedule. Institutional as well as operational Army should endeavor to develop creative leaders and increase their performance which will enhance the success of the missions that the Army will undertake. Creative leaders can be developed through subjecting trainee on repetitive training programmes joined with self-study, thorough and careful education all geared at developing innovative leaders that will be resilient and effective in challenging times. Leaders ar e known to impart trust among their fellow leaders and soldiers. Additionally, they develop a spirit of togetherness that fuels the urge of taking the initiative that conforms to the goal of targeting to achieve the mission despite the obstacles that might hinder the success of accomplishing the mission[footnoteRef:3]. Leaders along with Soldiers are accountable to each other and the code of ethics set that demands soldiers to remain persevering and maintain moral character as they perform Army duties. Finally, the implications of potential non-material solution approach recommendations aim at evaluating how it analysis the military combats with emphasize an action warfare and joined air ground activities that aim at evaluating whether there is better an optimal way that can solve a current capability gap. The first implication is that the training analysis evaluates how the Army forces are strategized to fight, groups, air wings task forces and other army groups that are playing a crucial role in contributing to the accomplishment of the mission planned. Secondly, the material analysis explores the entire required equipment and systems that are vital to the forces to facilitate effective execution of the set mission and if new systems are required to meet the existing gap. Next, the leadership and education is the key component that needs to address.

What Is Narrative Poetry Definition and Examples

Narrative poetry tells stories through verse. Like a novel or a short story, a narrative poem has plot, characters, and setting. Using a range of poetic techniques such as rhyme and meter, narrative poetry presents a series of events, often including action and dialogue. In most cases, narrative poems have only one speaker—the narrator—who relates the entire story from beginning to end. For example, Edgar Allan Poes The Raven is narrated by a grieving man who, over the course of 18 stanzas, describes his mysterious confrontation with a raven and his descent into despair. Key Takeaways: Narrative Poetry Narrative poetry presents a series of events through action and dialogue.Most narrative poems feature a single speaker: the narrator.Traditional forms of narrative poetry include epics, ballads, and Arthurian romances. Origins of Narrative Poetry The earliest poetry was not written but spoken, recited, chanted, or sung. Poetic devices like rhythm, rhyme, and repetition made stories easier to memorize so they could be transported long distances and handed down through generations. Narrative poetry evolved from this oral tradition. In nearly every part of the world, narrative poetry established a foundation for other literary forms. For example, among the highest achievements of ancient Greece are The Iliad and  The Odyssey, which have inspired artists and writers for more than 2,000 years. Narrative poetry became an enduring literary tradition throughout the Western world. Composed in Old French, Chansons de geste (songs of deeds) stimulated literary activity in medieval Europe. The German saga now known as the Nibelungenlied lives on in Richard Wagners lavish opera series, The Ring of the Nibelung (Der Ring des Nibelungen). The Anglo Saxon narrative Beowulf has inspired modern-day books, movies, operas, and even computer games. In the East, India produced two monumental Sanskrit narratives. The Mahabharata is the worlds longest poem with over 100,000 couplets. The timeless Ramayana spreads Indian culture and ideas across Asia, influencing literature, performance, and architecture. Identifying Narrative Poetry Narrative is one of three major categories of poetry (the other two being dramatic and lyric), and each type of poetry has distinct characteristics and functions. While lyric poems emphasize self-expression, narrative poems emphasize plot. Dramatic poetry, like Shakespeares blank verse plays, is an extended stage production, usually with many different speakers. However, the distinction between genres may blur as poets weave lyrical language into narrative poems. Similarly, a narrative poem might resemble dramatic poetry when the poet incorporates more than one narrator. Therefore, the defining feature of narrative poetry is the narrative arc. From the epic tales of ancient Greece to 21st-century verse novels, the narrator moves through a chronology of events from challenge and conflict to a final resolution. Types of Narrative Poems Ancient and medieval narrative poems were most commonly epics. Written in a grandiose style, these epic narrative poems retold legends of virtuous heroes and powerful gods. Other traditional forms include Arthurian romances about knights and chivalry and ballads about love, heartbreak, and dramatic events. However, narrative poetry is an ever-evolving art, and there are countless other ways to tell stories through verse. The following examples illustrate several different approaches to narrative poetry. Example #1: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "The Song of Hiawatha" On  the  Mountains  of  the  Prairie,On  the  great  Red  Pipe-stone  Quarry,Gitche  Manito,  the  mighty,He  the  Master  of  Life,  descending,On  the  red  crags  of  the  quarryStood  erect,  and  called  the  nations,Called  the  tribes  of  men  together. The Song of Hiawatha by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow  (1807–1882) narrates Native American legends in metrical verse that mimics the Finnish national epic, The Kalevala. In turn, The Kalevala echoes early narratives such as The Iliad, Beowulf, and the Nibelungenlied.   Longfellows long poem has all the elements of classical epic poetry: a noble hero, a doomed love, gods, magic, and folklore. Despite its sentimentality and cultural stereotypes, The Song of Hiawatha suggests the haunting rhythms of Native American chants and establishes a uniquely American mythology. Example #2: Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "Idylls of the King" â€Å"I fain would follow love, if that could be;I needs must follow death, who calls for me;Call and I follow, I follow! let me die.† An idyll is a narrative form that originated in ancient Greece, but this idyll is an Arthurian romance based on British legends. In a series of twelve blank verse poems, Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) tells the story of King Arthur, his knights, and his tragic love for Guinevere. The book-length work is drawn from medieval writings by Sir Thomas Malory. By writing about chivalry and courtly love, Tennyson allegorized behaviors and attitudes he saw in his own Victorian society. Idylls of the King elevates narrative poetry from story-telling to social commentary. Example #3:  Edna St. Vincent Millay, "The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver" â€Å"Son,† said my mother,  When I was knee-high,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You’ve need of clothes to cover you,  And not a rag have I.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There’s nothing in the house  To make a boy breeches,Nor shears to cut a cloth with  Nor thread to take stitches. The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver tells the story of a mothers unconditional love. By the end of the poem, she dies weaving her child magical clothes from her harp. The mothers dialog is quoted by her son, who placidly accepts her sacrifice. American poet Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892–1950) cast the story as a ballad, a form that evolved from traditional folk music. The iambic meter and a predictable rhyme scheme of the poem create a sing-song rhythm that suggests child-like innocence. Famously recited by country musician Johnny Cash, The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver is both sentimental and disturbing. The narrative poem can be understood as a simple story about poverty or a complex commentary on the sacrifices women make to clothe men in the garbs of royalty. In 1923, Edna St. Vincent Millay won a Pulitzer Prize for her poetry collection of the same title. Story song ballads became an important part of the American folk song tradition of the 1960s. Popular examples include Bob Dylans Ballad of a Thin Man and Pete Seegers Waist Deep in the Big Muddy. Example #4: Anne Carson, "Autobiography of Red"   Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Small, red, and upright he waited,gripping his new bookbag tightin one hand and touching a lucky penny inside his coat pocket with the other,while the first snows of winterfloated down on his eyelashes and covered the branches around him and silencedall trace of the world.† Canadian poet and translator Anne Carson (b. 1950) loosely based Autobiography of Red on an ancient Greek myth about a heros battle with a red-winged monster. Writing in free verse, Carson recreated the monster as a moody boy who battles modern-day problems related to love and sexual identity. Carsons book-length work belongs to a genre-jumping category known as the verse novel. It shifts between description and dialogue and from poetry to prose as the story moves through layers of meaning. Unlike long verse narratives from antiquity, novels in verse do not adhere to established forms. Russian author Alexander Pushkin (1799–1837) used a complex rhyme scheme and an unconventional meter for his verse novel, Eugene Onegin, and English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861) composed Aurora Leigh in blank verse. Also writing in blank verse, Robert Browning (1812–1889) composed his novel-length The Ring and the Book from a series of monologues spoken by different narrators. Vivid language and simple stories have made book-length narrative poetry a popular trend in young adult publishing. Jacqueline Woodsons National Book Award-winning Brown Girl Dreaming describes her childhood as an African American growing up in the American South. Other best selling verse novels include The Crossover by Kwame Alexander and the Crank trilogy by Ellen Hopkins. Sources Addison, Catherine. The Verse Novel as Genre: Contradiction or Hybrid? Style. Vol. 43, No. 4 Winter 2009, pp. 539-562. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/style.43.4.539Carson, Anne. Autobiography of Red.  Random House, Vintage Contemporaries. March 2013.Clark, Kevin. Time, Story, and Lyric in Contemporary Poetry. The Georgia Review. 5 March 2014. https://thegeorgiareview.com/spring-2014/time-story-and-lyric-in-contemporary-poetry-on-the-contemporary-narrative-poem-critical-crosscurrents-edited-by-steven-p-schneider-patricia-smiths-shoulda-been-jimi-savannah-robert-wr/Longfellow, Henry W. The Song of Hiawatha. Maine Historical Society. http://www.hwlongfellow.org/poems_poem.php?pid62Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. Idylls of the King. The Camelot Project.  University of Rochester. https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/publication/idylls-of-the-king-1859-1885

The Father Of All Monsters - 1379 Words

Richard Zepeda Professor Macias College Writing 111 7 April 2016 The Father of All Monsters Typhon, the force to be reckoned with and the one that only few can match. This terrifying beast is definitely not your ordinary monster; according to Hesiod s The Theogony he is a son of Gaia (the earth) and Tartarus (the depths of hell). Though, as stated in The Homeric Hymn, Typhon was the child of Hera without help. Hera was angry at Zeus for giving birth to Athena by himself, so she prayed to Gaia to give her a son that was as powerful as Zeus, after that Hera whacked the floor and she became pregnant. Hera then gave her baby Typhon to the serpent Python to take care of, and Typhon grew up to become a great annoyance to mortals. There are many different stories of how this creature came about; nonetheless neither can discredit this monster as being the most fierce and terrifying. Typhon is said to have been the most ferocious creature to have ever roamed the earth. Typhon is perhaps undoubtedly the most disturbing and powerful monster in G reek mythology. Typhon, however, was not just a monster, he was a god, being the son of the Gaia and Tartarus gave him such title. Now just because Typhon is a son of gods, that alone does not make him one of the most feared creatures in Greek mythology, rather than his ascribed status, it is Typhon’s actual physical appearance and capabilities that strike fear into his foes and anyone else who comes across his path. ThisShow MoreRelatedEssay about Frankenstien All Behavior Is L616 Words   |  3 PagesThe monsteramp;#8217;s behavior was directly related to, his experiences with society and its treatment of him. All behavior is learned, therefore if the monster was to be good or evil depended on societies reaction to him. Even though the monster had a fully matured body, he was like a child because he had no memories or experiences of his own. When the monster was given life he had no concept of good or evil. 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Character Analysis of Macbeth Free Essays

string(278) " husband manhood is the device she uses to influence him because she knows that Macbeth and most warriors of his time put most of their effort into being the greater man and such insults drive Macbeth to act without question especially when he feels his manhood is in question\." In the play we can easily see that Macbeth is driven by ambition and later on in the play tortured by his regrets which manifest a great deal of inner conflicts seen in his soliloquies. Macbeth is a man dominated by a strong moral sense, a man who has a profoundly sensitive conscience and who knows at each stage the moral consequences of committing murder Macbeth at the beginning of the play is mentally stable and a good man but due to certain influences (supernatural and normal) and his own flaw being his †vaulting ambition†. His values and his better aspects begin to dwindle under his growing desire for power. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis of Macbeth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Macbeth is an example of a normal man that has done a monstrous deed and from this deed giving rise to regret and paranoia, signalling his decline which eventually led to his tragic downfall. There are many redeeming qualities of his character and Macbeth is essentially a good man but ultimately is the architect of his undoing. At the beginning of the play he is first qualities are introduce to us by the bleeding captain explaining his heroic performance and valour shown on the battle. He is described as †great† and †valour’s minion† which shows that he is very willing to serve his king and country and strives to help Scotland to the best of his abilities and all these merits gained during his battles help his ambition to grow. ‘I have no spur’ he states, ‘to prick the sides of my intention, but only vaulting ambition’ this clarifies that he is very ambitious almost to the point that it might harm his own interests in the future which inevitably happens leading to his downfall. Another good example of his unstable ambition is when the three weird sisters begin to address him with title such as †Thane of Cawdor† and tell him that he †shall be King hereafter† following this we very quickly see his interest in these equivocal prophecies †stay you imperfect speakers† , this conveys that maybe he thinks he could attain these titles and from this it is evident his ambition will try to do everything in its ability to strive for this greatness and promised glory even though the witches had explained nothing else making it clear that his ambition is also blind. His ambition is so great he acts on the words of strangers that he has never met before and becomes ‘rapt’ in a world cut off from others which is evident in his soliloquies where in each he equivocates within himself about what is good and evil which both fight for mastery over him and this ‘evil’ and his ambition seem to go hand in hand throughout the play and causes him to do things he regrets which build up and becomes ‘a dagger of the mind’ and we see throughout the play the damage being dealt to his moral being. Another example of his blind ambition would be witnessed in Act 1 scene 7 when Lady Macbeth questions his bravery and insinuates that he is a †coward† but Macbeth is adamant that he should prove himself a man regardless of what he is actually about to do which shows he is ambitious to impress others. Another last example of his ambition his with his goal to see the whole situation through and says †I am in blood stepped in so far that, should I wade no more† and that †returning were as tedious as go’er . † This shows he is eager to see through what he had started till the end. Macbeth’s ambition has become dehumanised and will also end himself. Aside from Macbeth’s ambition we also witness in times of his self doubt when his rational mind and conscience starts to extinguish his ambition, the bad influences from many different sources seem to slowly dissolve his better qualities and set him back on the road to moral decline and his doom. Initially the witches are the first to influence him, telling him he will be promised power and glory but never say he should act on or actually do anything at all but non-the-less kick start his decline. Later on in the play when he reencounters the witches again they show him three apparitions one of which explain that he should †Beware Macduff† which influence him to order the killing of Macduff and his family which clearly shows how heavily influential these weird sisters are with regards to Macbeth acting on the prophecies with such unfaltering hastiness. The next influence and I think is one of the more dominant influences in the play his Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth gave herself the responsibility to influence Macbeth and act when he wouldn’t (which she never appears to do), calls upon the darkness and †spirits that tend on mortal thoughts† to instil her with masculine features as to aid Macbeth in is goal for power. The first example of her influencing Macbeth is in Act 1 Scene 5 she explains how he should †Look like the time† and †bear welcome† in his eyes during the banquet that the King Duncan is to at their home and to †look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t† as in an effort to deceive The king to knowing where their true intention lie. This example of her influence is much softer in contrast to Act 1 Scene 7 which is a much harsher brand of influence. During the scene Macbeth states he †will proceed no further† in their plans and the King †hath honoured him of late† to which Lady Macbeth snaps at him saying †was the hope drunk wherein you dressed yourself† implying he was only brave whilst inebriated and also asks him if he would rather live like †a coward† then to carry on with the plans he first begun. This is a blow to Macbeth’s manhood with regards to him being a coward and says he would do anything that will prove his masculinity. These attacks on her husband manhood is the device she uses to influence him because she knows that Macbeth and most warriors of his time put most of their effort into being the greater man and such insults drive Macbeth to act without question especially when he feels his manhood is in question. You read "Character Analysis of Macbeth" in category "Papers" Another factor in the play that influences Macbeths which manifested from his monstrous deed is his paranoia. The first signs of this paranoia is evident in act when he states †to be thus is nothing but to be safely thus†. This shows that he feels unsafe and that unless you are safe you are nothing and now he is influenced to destroy anything which might jeopardize his safety and the first obstacle being Banquo. Reasons such as †his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared† and Macbeth states his mind is full of scorpions and his life is filled with ‘terrible dreams/That shake us nightly’, following these thoughts he quickly and subtly organises the killing of Banquo by means of hiring assassins. This action is a major step in Macbeth’s moral fibre due to the reason that Banquo was originally his most trusted friend and ally and the evidence he is beginning to use murder as a tool to solve most of his issues and concludes with himself that it is the only solution to his problems. There are also signs of the influence of jealousy with regards to when Banquo was told during the first encounter with the witches that he would †have kings but be none† and Macbeth realises that upon his head he now has †a fruitless crown† and †a barren sceptre† in his grip which angers him by the knowledge that his sons (if he ever has any) will never be air to the throne, this being another reason to murder Banquo. With regards to the influencing factors we see that at the beginning of the play Macbeth is mainly intervened by external forces influence but as the play proceeds slowly he withdraws from his wife and friends due to again his paranoia and becomes more fuelled by his emotions, the predominant emotions being fear and jealousy. Macbeths regret in the play with regards to the murder and following murders is one of the more important issues to mention, regret being the catalyst in which his characters morality and mental stability are remoulded by traumatic experience and long term symptoms of his guilt. The first obvious example of his regret is scene when he attempts to opt out of the plans of murder and conveys that he feels guilty for any of these nefarious plans even crossing his mind but at this moment in the play he is not tortured by his guilt or regret obviously until he actually commits the crime but until then and right up until he is about to murder the king he is more greatly affected by anxiousness to the extent that he hallucinates. After the murder has been committed he is very obviously traumatised and is paralyzed, unable to move due to his mind being completely occupied with what has happened. The damage dealt is clear when he says that he heard a voice cry †Macbeth hath murdered the innocent sleep† which shows the beginning of his restless nights which is the first harsh blow to his mental health. Also in this scene Macbeth talks about the blood on his hands as if it is a metaphor for the guilt and in contrast to Lady Macbeth saying †a little water clears us of this deed† make replies that not even all the waters of †Neptune’s oceans† could not wash away this blood or guilt from his hands. We can see his guilt and regret build up and burst out as witnessed in the banquet scene where Banquo’s ghost appears only to him and a mental breakdown takes place with moments of Macbeth almost unconsciously confesses the details of his to murders in the presence of lords to which the pressurised Lady Macbeth desperately tries to disguise. This ghost Macbeth is seeing in my opinion is not real but a complete manifestation of his guilt and regret and his better side subconsciously is trying to give himself up an attempt to save his ‘damned’ soul, with regards to the quote where he states he would †jump the life to come † meaning he is aware he will be punished in the afterlife. In Act 5 scene 3 we see that regret and guilt has affected to the extent that he nearly loses the will to live and feels that live is void of meaning †I have lived long enough: my way of life is fall’n into the sere, the yellow leaf† he also realises that his poor decisions have bereaved him of things that would have originally accompanied his old age such as †honour, love, obedience† and †troops of friends† none of which he shall have to look forward to in his future. This indicates he is very regretful of almost everything he has done right back to the killing of Duncan. Throughout the course of the play Shakespeare weaves into the storyline small respites in which Macbeth’s slowly declining character shows moments that magnifies what is left of the qualities that redeem slightly in the audiences perspective and shows them he has not completely transformed in this remorseless †tyrant† but is still just a man that has performed a monstrous act. The first example of these redeeming qualities is in Act 1 scene 7 where he says he †will proceed no further in this business† and acknowledges that king Duncan †hath honoured† him recently for his bravery in almost single-handedly ending the battle in the opening scenes of the play. At this point we see he has a good moral sense and instilled with the highly valued qualities such as respect and honour but Lady Macbeth succeeds in convincing him otherwise diminishing and muting these values in him. Throughout the play, we constantly see that Macbeth has a conscience towards his actions and does always have a general sense of right and wrong. . Conscience is exhibited after he kills Duncan but can’t stand to look at the body. †I am afraid to think what I have done; look on’t again I dare not†. This lets us see that after Macbeth killed Duncan his conscience will not let him look at what he has done. He also realized what he had done could not be changed and it will affect him for the rest of his natural life. Macbeth understands that he is marked for life and this realization in itself one of his redeeming qualities. Another minor example of a redeeming quality is that Macbeth †is too full o’th’milk of human kindness† and that he is†art not without ambition† but has the absence of †the illness† being ruthlessness. Back to the issue addressing his conscience with regards to it being a redeeming quality that is fighting a losing battle against the rest of the conflict within him. We witness many times his conscience trying to override his normal behaviour. Macbeth’s conscience creates the ghost of Banquo in an attempt to make him subconsciously confess to the murders which make us realise he is very sorry for what he has done which redeems him slightly through sympathy. One last sign of redeeming qualities is neat the end of the play where he stares in the face of death. He contemplates suicide by falling on his own sword as †Romans† used to do but even though he knows he has no one on his side he will fight to the end and die an honourable death showing his original bravery which he once used to fight for his country which reminds us that he was once a great hero. To conclude Macbeth is a tragic hero. A man with an ambitious but a victim of temptation and the pseudo prophecies of his rise to power which seemed so close at the time was actual the beginning of Macbeth’s change from hero to tyrant. He was used as a vessel for chaos by the witches to plant their ideas of power into a fertile mind which was nurtured by his blind ambition which grew into an unstable mind tormented by regret and guilt. How to cite Character Analysis of Macbeth, Papers

The Fall Of Western Man Essay Research free essay sample

The Fall Of Western Man Essay, Research Paper The Fall of Western Civilization A new revolution is required # 8211 ; a Western revolution. The values of Western civilisation are lost, it # 8217 ; s ethical motives murdered and it # 8217 ; s society turned rancid. Something has changed. Currently, adult male is absorbing empty, worthless stuff. This thought of # 8220 ; pop civilization # 8221 ; has been injected into the Western adult male. His values and ethical motives have depreciated greatly. He has entered a black hole filled with expendable sums of debris. In it, he is so badly sedated with eternal sums of indoctrination that a transmutation is extremely unlikely. Indeed, Western society is in problem. But why has is turned into an useless trashcan? Why are the outlooks of these persons so distorted, so immoral, so depraved? Prior to 1900, world was at the clemency of a moral order. There was grounds of a moral jussive mood. So why is there such a drastic alteration in society within a century of clip? The reply is God. God has non changed us with his power ; instead we have changed ourselves with the deficiency of religion for Him. Religion was the base construction in the support of humanity. Many pieces of thoughts refering criterions, principals, values and ideals were mended into many consistent pieces of art because of the religion in God. Society acted as though their every word, every determination and every move reflected their opportunity for redemption. They had a end, an aspiration, excessively prove to God that they were ethical. Surely, there was a moral jussive mood. However, through the false premise of The Enlightenment and the Scientific and Industrial revolutions, something has changed. The premise of The Enlightenment was that even provincials could transform themselves into blue bloods, that given a pick, they could every bit good bask the justnesss of an ambitious morally bound society. This was proven incorrectly because non everyone wanted the pleasance of being a portion of the nobility. The Scientific Revolution changed humanity with critical innovations from Edison, Burbagge, Descartes and many other visionaries. The industrial revolution besides contributed to devolution of public-service corporation within our communities. It created a roar in population, which imposed overmastering demands on all facets of our already fighting society. I will show the critical province of Western civilization through researching three important illustrations from C.S Lewis # 8217 ; try about the Law of Human Nature, William C. Booth # 8217 ; s essay on proper essay authorship, and a Toronto Star article refering to the calamity of the Western universe. In C.S Lewis # 8217 ; essay, he presents to us his vision on the topic of morality. He states the Law of Human Nature. He uses the analogy of a # 8220 ; non-thinking # 8221 ; object ( a rock ) and a human being to compare both of them to the jurisprudence of gravity. # 8220 ; The thought was that, merely as falling rocks are governed by the jurisprudence of gravity and chemicals by chemical Torahs, so the animal called adult male besides has his law- with this great difference, that the rock couldn # 8217 ; t take whether it obeyed the jurisprudence of gravity or non, but a adult male could take either to obey the Law of Human Nature or to disobey it. # 8221 ; Lewis deems that adult male? s morality is administered by moralss # 8211 ; to cognize what is right and incorrect. Lewis so proceeds to analyze all the factors refering this Law of Human Nature. First, he explains how the Law of Human Nature used to be called the # 8220 ; jurisprudence of nature # 8221 ; . Thinkers be fore Lewis assumed that people obeyed it and was cognizant of the nature of the jurisprudence. He states, # 8220 ; They called it the jurisprudence of nature because they thought that every one knew it by nature and didn? Ts need to be taught it. Taking the race as a whole, they thought that the human thought of Decent Behavior was obvious to everyone. And I believe they were right. # 8221 ; Next, he makes clear some people think that the Law of Human Nature is unstable because different civilisations have rather different moralities. Not all work forces are rather different ; they are merely somewhat different. He grasps on the point that because every adult male knows and understands the jurisprudence, other societies engage to represent irrelevant ways of showing moralss # 8211 ; they all act somewhat different. Furthermore, he deciphers the critical facet about selfishness. # 8220 ; Selfishness has neer been admired. Work forces have differed as to whether you should hold on e married woman or four. But they have ever agreed that you mustn # 8217 ; t merely hold any adult female you liked. # 8221 ; Selflessness is what we must endeavor for to accomplish a strong sense of apt morality, yet the leftovers of the universe believe the opposite. We must non be fooled. Establishing this jurisprudence into the multitudes is about impossible. # 8220 ; None of us truly follow the Law of Nature. # 8221 ; He tells us, that about every twenty-four hours we have failed to pattern ourselves the sort of behavior we expect from other people. # 8220 ; The point is that they are one more cogent evidence of how profoundly, whether we like it or non, we believe in the Law of Human Nature. If we did non believe in nice behavior, why should we be so dying to do alibis for non holding behaved decently? The truth is, we believe in decency so much # 8211 ; we feel the Rule or Law, pressing on us so that we can # 8217 ; t bear to confront the fact that we # 8217 ; rhenium interrupting it, and accordingly we try to switch the responsibility. # 8221 ; He tries to do the point that humans know and understand the jurisprudence of nature and yet they still break it. This exemplifies how adult male understands and is knowing of these Torahs yet still acts immoral. Man is given a pick # 8211 ; yet he still heads in the incorrect way. With no religion in redemption, he does cons ider his ethical value. His rules and ethical motives are lost. In Booth # 8217 ; s try, he begins with a plaint, depicting how ill and inadequately pupils attempt to compose essays. He complains about how deadening, how meaningless and how empty they are written. He goes on about illustrations of a instructor in Indiana and how she didn # 8217 ; t care what was in the essay ( content ) , or how the essay was written ( manner ) , all she was concerned with was spelling and grammar. Wow. One does non even have to compose a narrative or a paper with content, one can compose down a few hollow sentences and every bit long as the grammar and spelling are right, a grade of one hundred per centum is awarded. That is farcical. He so moves along and states how many deadening essays he has read in his life-time. There must some kind of counterpoison to this serious job. Furthermore, he states three possible remedies: 1- # 8220 ; develop an consciousness of audience # 8221 ; 2- # 8220 ; give them something to state # 8221 ; and eventually, 3- # 8220 ; enliven their authorship personalities # 8221 ; . The pupil must hold contact with the audience. One must allow them cognize that this is valuable and is breathable cognition. Make the essay brilliant, intelligent and interesting. Following, we must give them something to state. Students bore themselves, others and governments because they have nil to state ; nil of what everybody already knows is deserving stating! At this clip and merely this clip when we have something to state, nil will tire anyone. Furthermore, Booth encourages us to compose through our ain eyes and Black Marias alternatively of through a haze of clich? . Finally, he states that good fiction will non transform pupils into good authors. Even the most elect pupil needs eternal hours and old ages of pattern with strict unfavorable judgment. Writing is an indispensable facet of reading ; reading is a critical facet of authorship. The d isplaying incompetence of the pupils essay composing accomplishments is due to the deficiency of of import cognition with small aspiration to state anything valuable, anything deserving listening to. Again, with no strong intuition to God, values have vanished. In this newspaper article, the writer is besides cognizant that something has changed. We see that there are excessively many facets of this thought of # 8220 ; pop civilization # 8221 ; taking over the heads of today # 8217 ; s persons, indoctrinating them with false values and half truths which are critical in the long route to the redemption of adult male. This is all portion of the grading procedure. As population rises, that horizontal line becomes extended to a point where the pyramid is non even a pyramid any longer. In this peculiar article, the writer efforts to follow a figure of illustrations of why people today are buried in a pile of debris. He mentions # 8220 ; quicksand # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; mickeys # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; Casablanca # 8221 ; and countless illustrations of how adult male knows the thought of the topic, yet fails to really see it or hold some background on it. In the yesteryear, pieces of other plants are being put into one solid, incorporate, consis tent work of art. Take The Bible for illustration. So many decennaries of work, organisation and dedication are being integrated into one work of art # 8211 ; the most challenging, well-written book of all clip. That is phenomenal. In add-on, Homer # 8217 ; s Iliad and Odyssey are a aggregation of Hagiographas from speechmakers refering Grecian Gods and civilization. Furthermore, Plato # 8217 ; s Republic is a aggregation of Socrates readings. All beginnings show grounds. In Western civilization, pieces of work and thoughts are being thrown around yet nil is being put together. The pieces are still pieces. Nothing magnetic or captivating has come out of Western civilization ( at least nil after 1900 ) . Indeed, something has changed. In past times, consistent pieces of art could be put together because of the people # 8217 ; s religion in God and the religion of the redemption of adult male. Prior to 1900, people believed every idea and deed had a larger purpose # 8211 ; good o r bad. From blue bloods to provincials, all were in fright of perpetrating wickedness. Valuess were really values. A moral jussive mood was evident. Soon, there are no marks of a moral jussive mood ; merely the indicant that # 8220 ; god is dead # 8221 ; . With no belief in God, the pieces are non put together ; they are merely pieces with no significance. Popular civilization is persuasive. Unfortunately, the multitudes are neck deep. Presently, in this coaction of debris, it is difficult to set up which is good and meaningful or merely field, useless trash. In shutting, the grading procedure is distributing quickly. Today # 8217 ; s civilization is a aggregation of debris. Unfortunately, this debris is our values. Proper values have diminished and are non-existent. This writer excessively, knows really good that undeniably, something has changed. In decision, we see that in all three illustrations shown above how peoples values can deprecate with no aspiration, with no belief in some kind of redemption. In all facets of human behaviour, we can soon uncover that our society focuses on debris alternatively of concentrating on the importance of moralss. The multitudes are so occupied in other pop civilization gear that they are unfamiliar and dislike patrician values. Western civilisation is falling quickly. The values that were one time imposed by household and faith are now polluted by mass media. It is surely unmistakable that both household and faith are suddenly falling apart. All these choices exemplify how with no belief in God, with no aspiration, adult male chooses to worsen. With no moral imperative even those who aim to move consistent with those values of public-service corporation, our subdued civilizations have no criterions by which they can come on. The values of Western society have unhappily depreciated.